Which topical antibiotic on the NBEO matrix is known to cause aplastic anemia?

Chloramphenicol is the topical antibiotic associated with aplastic anemia, a rare but serious condition where the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of blood cells. This side effect is particularly noteworthy because it highlights the systemic absorption potential of chloramphenicol, even when used topically.

Chloramphenicol was historically used widely due to its broad-spectrum activity against various bacteria; however, its association with severe hematological adverse effects, including aplastic anemia, has led to stricter regulations on its use. This risk makes it critical for clinicians to consider alternative antibiotics when appropriate, especially in the pediatric population where the risk may be more pronounced.

Understanding the safety profiles and potential adverse effects of medications is essential in clinical practice, especially when deciding on a treatment regimen for infections where topical antibiotics are indicated.