Which systemic condition is associated with band keratopathy?

Band keratopathy is characterized by the deposition of calcium salts in the corneal epithelium and Bowman's layer, leading to a distinct, band-like opacity in the cornea. The condition is often associated with various systemic conditions that cause elevated calcium levels or metabolic disturbances.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) can lead to chronic inflammation, resulting in ocular complications, including band keratopathy, particularly in cases where there may be associated anterior uveitis and secondary changes in the cornea.

Hyperparathyroidism is directly associated with increased calcium levels in the blood due to overactivity of the parathyroid glands. The high levels of calcium can lead to calcium deposition in different tissues, including the cornea, manifesting as band keratopathy.

Gout is a metabolic condition characterized by elevated uric acid levels, which can also lead to corneal deposits in some patients, though it is less common than the other two conditions.

Considering that each of these systemic conditions can independently result in band keratopathy through different mechanisms—whether through chronic inflammation, hypercalcemia, or metabolic disturbances—the option that includes all of these conditions as associations is justified. Therefore, it's accurate to conclude that all the listed conditions are