Which condition is a potential side effect of using Chloramphenicol?

Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic that can potentially lead to aplastic anemia, which is a serious condition characterized by the failure of the bone marrow to produce adequate blood cells. This side effect occurs due to the drug’s mechanism of action; it inhibits the enzyme involved in the synthesis of red and white blood cells, disrupting normal hematopoiesis. Although aplastic anemia is relatively rare, it can be life-threatening, thus it is crucial for practitioners to monitor patients closely when prescribing this medication.

The condition is particularly concerning because it can lead to significant complications such as increased risk of infections, bleeding tendencies, and fatigue due to anemia. Due to these risks, chloramphenicol is generally reserved for use in specific situations where other antibiotics are ineffective or contraindicated, highlighting the importance of cautious prescribing.

The other conditions listed, such as contact dermatitis, ocular hypertension, and dry eye syndrome, are not commonly associated with chloramphenicol use. While contact dermatitis can occur with many medications due to allergic reactions, chloramphenicol’s primary risk lies within its hematological implications, making aplastic anemia the correct answer.