Which class of medications is commonly used to manage allergic conjunctivitis?

Antihistamines are commonly used to manage allergic conjunctivitis because they specifically target the symptoms associated with allergic reactions. When allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander come into contact with the conjunctiva, they prompt the immune system to release histamine—a chemical that causes inflammation, itching, redness, and tearing. Antihistamines work by blocking the action of histamine at its receptors, thereby alleviating these symptoms.

Topical antihistamines, available in eye drop form, provide rapid relief from itching and redness associated with allergic conjunctivitis. They are particularly effective because they allow for localized treatment, decreasing systemic side effects while providing relief at the site of the allergic response.

While NSAIDs may help with inflammation and pain, they do not specifically address the histamine-driven symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis. Similarly, topical steroids can reduce inflammation and may be used in more severe cases but are not typically considered first-line treatment for allergic conjunctivitis due to potential side effects and the risk of increased intraocular pressure with long-term use. Beta-blockers are primarily used in the treatment of glaucoma and are not indicated for allergic conjunctivitis.