Do cardiac glycosides, such as digitoxin, increase or decrease IOP?

Cardiac glycosides, such as digitoxin, are primarily known for their effects on the heart, particularly in treating conditions like heart failure and atrial fibrillation. However, they also impact various physiological processes, including intraocular pressure (IOP).

Digitoxin, as well as other cardiac glycosides, can lead to a decrease in IOP. This reduction is believed to occur due to mechanisms such as enhanced outflow of aqueous humor and potential effects on the ciliary body, which can modulate the production of aqueous humor. By facilitating better outflow or reducing the formation of this fluid, the overall pressure within the eye decreases.

In contrast, some alternative therapeutic agents or conditions might cause an increase in IOP; however, cardiac glycosides do not have this effect, making their role in managing IOP distinct. Understanding the relationships between these medications and ocular pressure is essential for comprehensively managing patients, especially those with coexisting cardiac and ocular conditions.